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Caste in India
casteHistorical sources on the Internet

July 2018

Any discussion on India’s history and society is incomplete without exploring the social hierarchy or caste that has afflicted the country for centuries. Although it’s a topic on which much has been written, we bring a selection of resources that explore its historical bacground. This is not a complete list by any way – it keeps growing. We are avoiding debates on the current situation, and documenting mostly the historical resources here. If you find any discrepency here, do let us know.

Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development, Dr B.R. Ambedkar
https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ojmNCwAAQBAJ

Who Were the Shudras?, Volume 1, Dr B.R. Ambedkar
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JGI0BQAAQBAJ

Annihilation of Caste, Volume 1, Dr B.R. Ambedkar
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Eio8BQAAQBAJ

Dalits: Past, present and future, Anand Teltumbde
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fZXgDAAAQBAJ

The Doctor and the Saint: Caste, Race, and Annihilation of Caste,
the Debate Between B.R. Ambedkar and M.K. Gandhi, Arundhati Roy
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=w1VeDgAAQBAJ

History of the Indian Caste System and Its Impact on India Today,
Manali S. Deshpande (CPSU)
http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=socssp

Gandhi and the Caste System, B. R. Nanda, Oxford
http://oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195633634.001.0001
/acprof-9780195633634-chapter-4

The ugly truth about India's caste system, Romila Thapar
(Excerpts from Indian Cultures As Heritage, Aleph Book Company)
https://dailyo.in/arts/caste-conflict-shudras-brahminism-golden-age-indian-cultures-
as-heritage-romila-thapar/story/1/22790.html

Timeline: A brief history of India's caste system, The Globe and Mail
https://theglobeandmail.com/news/world/breaking-caste/timeline-a-brief-history-
of-indias-caste-system/article641264/

A Brief History Of The Caste System And Untouchability In India, Abhishek Mittal,
The Logical Indian
https://thelogicalindian.com/story-feed/awareness/caste-system-and-
untouchability-in-india/

"Untouchability" and Segregation, Caste Discrimination: A Global Concern
A Report by Human Rights Watch for the United Nations World Conference
Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance.
Durban, South Africa, September 2001.
https://hrw.org/legacy/reports/2001/globalcaste/caste0801-03.htm

A gender-based theory of the origin of the caste system of India, Chris Bidnera,
Mukesh Eswaran.
https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387814001588

The Origins of the Caste System, Ebenezer Sunder Raj (Transformation journal)
https://jstor.org/stable/43052102

Indian Caste Origins: Genomic Insights and Future Outlook, Partha P. Majumder
https://genome.cshlp.org/content/11/6/931.full

The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in Historical Outline, Kosambi D.D.
https://archive.org/details/TheCultureAndCivilisationOfAncientIndiaInHistoricalOutline

"De-Casteing" India: How Dalit Women's Rights Civil Society Organizations
Tackle Caste Based Socio-Political & Religio-Cultural Challenges,
Festival Godwin Boateng et al.
https://researchgate.net/publication/304466465_DeCasteing_India_How_Dalit_Women's_Rights_Civil_
Society_Organizations_Tackle_Caste_Based_Socio-Political_Religio-Cultural_Challenges

Indian caste system: Historical and psychoanalytic views,
Madhusudana Rao Vallabhaneni, The American Journal of Psychoanalysis
https://researchgate.net/publication/284785411_Indian_caste_system_
Historical_and_psychoanalytic_views

Study reveals origin of India’s caste system (The Times of India)
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Study-reveals-origin-
of-Indias-caste-system/articleshow/21754499.cms

Genetic Study Reveals Origin of India's Caste System, Tia Ghose, Live Science
https://livescience.com/38751-genetic-study-reveals-caste-system-origins.html

How a new genetic study is throwing light on the origins of Indian caste system,
Ramanathan S. The News Minute
https://thenewsminute.com/article/how-new-genetic-study-throwing-light-origins-
indian-caste-system-38232

Genetic Evidence on the Origins of Indian Caste Populations, Michael Bamshad,
Toomas Kivisild, at al.
https://genome.cshlp.org/content/11/6/994.short

British Untouchables: A Study of Dalit Identity and Education, Mr Paul Ghuman
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iNahAgAAQBAJ

Colonial consciousness and the caste system in 20th-century India.
A study of the intellectual and institutional impact of orientalist discourse,
Jakob De Roover, Sarika Rao, Ghent University.
https://research.flw.ugent.be/en/projects/colonial-consciousness-and-
caste-system-20th-century-india-study-intellectual-and

What Did Europeans Contribute to the Caste System In India?, Sumit Guha,
University of Texas at Austin
https://jhiblog.org/2018/05/30/what-did-europeans-contribute-to-the-
caste-system-in-india/

The Political Intensification of Caste: India Under the Raj, Sasha Riser-Kositsky,
University of Pennsylvania
https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=phr

Putting Hierarchy in Its Place, Arjun Appadurai, Cultural Anthropology
https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1988.3.1.02a00040

Gods, Priests and Purity: On the Relation Between Hinduism and the Caste System,
C. J. Fuller, Man
https://jstor.org/stable/2801869

The Caste System of India, Mason Olcott, American Sociological Review
https://jstor.org/stable/2085128

Conceptualising Brahmanical Patriarchy in Early India: Gender, Caste,
Class and State, Uma Chakravarti, Economic and Political Weekly
https://jstor.org/stable/4399556

Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in
19th century Western India, Rosalind O'Hanlon (CUP)
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5kMrsTj1NeYC

Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the
Modern Age, Susan Bayly (CUP)
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC

Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications, Louis Dumont
https://archive.org/details/LouisDumontHomoHierarchicusTheCasteSystemAndItsImplications1988

Caste, Class and Power: Changing Patterns of Stratification in a Tanjore Village,
André Béteille
http://oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077435.
001.0001/acprof-9780198077435

From Varna to Jati: The Indian caste system, from the Asiatic to the
feudal mode of production, Dipankar Gupta
https://tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00472338085390141?
journalCode=rjoc20

Kin, Clan, Raja, and Rule: State-hinterland Relations in Preindustrial India,
Richard Gabriel Fox
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FHEcBTmxlOEC

The Culturalization of Caste in India: Identity and Inequality in a Multicultural Age,
Balmurli Natrajan
https://questia.com/library/120092585/the-culturalization-of-caste-in-india-identity-and

Classifying the Universe: The Ancient Indian Varṇa System and the Origins of Caste,
Brian K. Smith, Lama Marut
https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Classifying_the_Universe.html?id=
Us8Z6MgWUWkC

Evolution of caste system in India and Review of Literature
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/22491/14/14_chapter2.pdf.pdf

The Caste System of Northern India, Sir Edward Blunt
https://books.google.co.in/books/about/The_Caste_System_of_Northern_
India.html?id=mABr0B_Ah2QC

History, Social Divisions, and Public Goods in Rural India, Abhijit Banerjee,
Lakshmi Iyer, Rohini Somanathan, Journal of the European Economic Association
https://academic.oup.com/jeea/article-abstract/3/2-3/639/2281506

Joothan: An Untouchable's Life, Omprakash Valmiki
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=y-HhVh15Wk0C

Encyclopaedia of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, Volume 1, C.P. Yadav
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t463AAAAIAAJ

Dalit Visions: The Anti-caste Movement and the Construction of an Indian Identity,
Gail Omvedt, Orient Blackswan
https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Dalit_Visions.html?id=kCwpXZlKqL0C

Jotirao Phule and the ideology of social revolution in India, Gail Omvedt
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z7ztAAAAIAAJ

Debrahmanising History: Dominance and Resistance in Indian Society,
Braj Ranjan Mani
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5OMSiJ4RJGsC

Can There Be a Category Called Dalit Muslims?, Imtiaz Ahmad, Studies in
Inequality and Social Justice, page 109
https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/37638134/Studies_in_
Inequality_and_Social_Justice.pdf

Muslim Castes in India, Rémy Delage (English translation)
http://booksandideas.net/Muslim-Castes-in-India.html

Quest for Equality and Identity: The 'Pasmanda' Muslim Discourse in
Post-1947 Bihar, Rajesh Kumar Nayak
https://jstor.org/stable/44158899

Aspiring to Rise: Agitation of Muslim ‘Other Backward Classes’ in Uttar Pradesh,
Abdul Waheed, Sheikh Idrees Mujtaba
http://muslimsocieties.org/Vol10_1/Aspiring_to_Rise.pdf

Caste and caste based discriminations Among Indian Muslims,
Masood Alam Falahi
http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/5664/1/AHRC_16,_Caste_and_Caste_Based_
Discriminations_Among_Indian_Muslims.pdf

Social Structure, OBCs and Muslims, Seik Rahim Mondal,
Economic and Political Weekly
https://jstor.org/stable/4414284

Rethinking the Pasmanda Movement, Khalid Anis Ansari,
Economic and Political Weekly
https://jstor.org/stable/40278652

Challenging the Ashrafs: The Politics of Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz, Arshad Alam
https://tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13602000902943542

New Directions in Indian Muslim Politics the Agenda of All India Pasmanda
Muslim Mahaz, Arshad Alam (History and Sociology of South Asia)
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/223080750700100206?
journalCode=hsaa

Other Backward Class Muslims of West Bengal, India: A Sociological and Social
Anthropological Insight, Intekhab Hossain
https://tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13602004.2013.826449

Muslim Backward Classes: A Sociological Perspective, Azra Khanam
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Sdz9AAAAQBAJ

Politics of ‘Pasmanda’ Muslims, A Case Study of Bihar, Manjur Ali
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/223080751000400203

Muslim Caste in Uttar Pradesh, Zarina Ahmad, The Economic Weekly
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5279/8a5a1abe6d65a6c90ca773d
53c860b923399.pdf

Does Caste Still Define Disparity? A Look at Inequality in Kerala, India,
Ashwini Deshpande, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
https://aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.90.2.322

Kerala Christians and the Caste System, C. J. Fuller, Man
https://jstor.org/stable/2800388

Inclusion and Exclusion: A Process in the Caste System of Gujarat, David F. Pocock
https://journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/soutjanth.13.1.3629155?journalCode=soutjanth

State and Caste System (Jāti) in the Eighteenth Century Maratha Kingdom,
Hiroshi Fukazawa
https://jstor.org/stable/43295495

Social History of an Indian Caste: The Kayasths of Hyderabad, Karen Isaksen Leonard
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=32aMey7k-IYC

Why India is still fighting over caste system, Ravi Agrawal, CNN
https://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/28/asia/india-gujarat-caste-protests/

11 Books To Read If You Want To Understand Caste In India:
A reading list anchored by Dalit voices
https://lithub.com/11-books-to-read-if-you-want-to-understand-caste-in-india/

What is India's caste system? BBC
https://bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35650616

This list is in progress. Please let us know if you know of some good archive on the Internet which concerns us and we may have missed. Please report if you find any dead links.

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